Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an outstanding winter crop and an essential source of carbohydrates, and multiple nutrients serving as a dietary food in Egypt. The cultivated area reached about 1.08 million hectares and occupied 32% of winter cultivated area. Wheat production in Egypt is not sufficient due to various factors, including rust diseases, which are among the most destructive diseases of crop plants. In Egypt, stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) has been considered the most severe disease of wheat, favored by mild winters. Several stripe rust epidemics have been occurred during the last five decades. In Egypt, the wheat genotypes had different reaction and severity levels for last five years against stripe rust disease during wheat growing seasons of 2016-20. Cultivars Gemmeiza 10, Giza 171 and Sakha 95 showed the lowest rust severity ranged from TRMS to 10%, while disease severity was high in the most susceptible varieties i.e. Gemmeiza 11, and Sids 12. Also, out of 19 isogenic lines, 6 genes: Yr1, AvS/Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, YrSP, and T. sp/Yr5 showed desirable resistance to stripe rust disease, rust severities were 0. On the other hand, 13 genes/geneotypes: Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr17, Yr27, Yr28, Yr31, AvS/Yr32, YrA, Yr25, Yr18, Avocet-S showed different ITs (MR, MS, and S) with varying levels of disease severity ranged from 3% to 70%. Thus, efforts must be made to explore QTLs and resistance genes to pathogen populations prevalent in Egypt and other regional countries by combining information on genetic and virulence diversity in the pathogen with genetic information on host resistance for a better rust management.
